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C, le carbone
Chapitre no 1
Leçon : C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cf, Cl, Cm, Cn, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu
Retour au Sommaire Chap. suiv. :Ca, le calcium
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En raison de limitations techniques, la typographie souhaitable du titre, «
C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cf, Cl, Cm, Cn, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu : C, le carbone Ensemble des formules chimiques/C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cf, Cl, Cm, Cn, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu/C, le carbone », n'a pu être restituée correctement ci-dessus.
C
+
O
2
→
Δ
H
o
=
−
393
⋅
5
kJ
CO
2
{\displaystyle {\ce {C + O2 ->[{\ce {\Delta H^o = - 393.5 kJ}}] CO2}}}
2
C
+
O
2
⟶
2
CO
{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C + O2 -> 2CO}}}
C
+
H
2
O
⟶
CO
+
H
2
{\displaystyle {\ce {C + H2O -> CO + H2}}}
C
+
CO
2
⟶
2
CO
{\displaystyle {\ce {C + CO2 -> 2 CO}}}
C
+
2
H
2
⟶
CH
4
{\displaystyle {\ce {C + 2 H2 -> CH4}}}
C
O
+
H
2
O
→
C
O
2
+
H
2
(
e
x
o
t
h
e
r
m
i
q
u
e
)
{\displaystyle CO+H_{2}O\to CO_{2}+H_{2}{\qquad \qquad \qquad }(exothermique)}
C
O
+
3
H
2
→
C
H
4
+
H
2
O
(
e
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
m
i
q
u
e
)
{\displaystyle CO+3H_{2}\to CH_{4}+H_{2}O{\qquad \qquad \qquad }(endothermique)}
C
O
+
2
H
2
→
C
H
3
O
H
{\displaystyle CO+2H_{2}\to CH_{3}OH}
2
C
O
→
C
O
2
+
C
{\displaystyle 2CO\to CO_{2}+C}
2
C
O
+
O
2
→
2
C
O
2
{\displaystyle 2CO+O_{2}\to 2CO_{2}}
C
O
2
(
a
q
)
+
H
2
O
(
l
)
⇌
H
2
C
O
3
(
a
q
)
{\displaystyle CO_{2(aq)}+H_{2}O_{(l)}\rightleftharpoons H_{2}CO_{3(aq)}}
6
C
O
2
+
6
H
2
O
→
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
6
O
2
{\displaystyle 6CO_{2}+6H_{2}O\to C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}+6O_{2}}
C
O
2
+
H
2
O
→
H
2
C
O
3
{\displaystyle CO_{2}+H_{2}O\to H_{2}CO_{3}}
C
O
2
+
O
H
−
→
H
C
O
3
−
{\displaystyle CO_{2}+OH^{-}\to HCO_{3}^{-}}
C
O
3
2
−
+
C
a
2
+
→
C
a
C
O
3
{\displaystyle CO_{3}^{2-}+Ca^{2+}\to CaCO_{3}}
2
CH
2
N
2
⟶
2
N
2
+
C
2
H
4
{\displaystyle {\ce {2 CH2N2 -> 2 N2 + C2H4}}}
CH
2
O
⟶
CH
4
+
CO
2
{\displaystyle {\ce {CH2O -> CH4 + CO2}}}
2
CH
2
O
+
NO
3
−
+
2
H
+
⟶
2
CO
2
+
H
2
O
+
NH
4
+
{\displaystyle {\ce {2 CH2O + NO_3^- + 2 H^+ -> 2 CO_2 + H_2O + NH_4^+}}}
C
H
3
−
C
O
−
N
H
2
+
H
2
O
⇋
H
+
C
H
3
−
C
O
−
O
−
+
N
H
4
+
{\displaystyle {\rm {CH_{3}-CO-NH_{2}+H_{2}O\qquad {\overset {H^{+}}{\leftrightharpoons }}\qquad CH_{3}-CO-O^{-}+NH_{4}^{+}}}}
CH
4
(
g
)
+
Cl
2
(
g
)
⟶
CH
3
Cl
(
g
)
+
HCl
(
g
)
{\displaystyle {\ce {CH_{4(g)}{}+ Cl_{2(g)}-> CH_3Cl_{(g)}{}+ HCl_{(g)}}}}
CH
4
(
g
)
+
2
O
2
(
g
)
→
Δ
H
=
−
891
kJ
⋅
mol
−
1
CO
2
(
g
)
+
2
H
2
O
(
l
)
{\displaystyle {\ce {CH_{4(g)}{}+2O_{2(g)}->[{\ce {\Delta H=-\ 891\ \ kJ.mol^{-1}}}]CO_{2(g)}{}+2H_{2}O_{(l)}}}}
2
C
2
H
2
(
g
)
+
5
O
2
(
g
)
⟶
4
CO
2
(
g
)
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H2_{(g)}{}+ 5 O2_{(g)}-> 4 CO2_{(g)}{}+ 2 H2O}}}
C
2
H
4
+
3
O
2
⟶
2
CO
2
+
2
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\ce {C2H4 + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 2H2O}}}
C
2
H
5
O
H
+
3
O
2
→
2
C
O
2
+
3
H
2
O
Δ
H
o
=
−
1366.7
k
J
{\displaystyle C_{2}H_{5}OH+3O_{2}\to 2CO_{2}+3H_{2}O{\qquad \qquad \qquad }\Delta H^{o}=-\ 1366.7\ kJ}
2
C
2
H
6
+
7
O
2
⟶
4
CO
2
+
6
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\ce {2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 4CO2 + 6H2O}}}
4
C
3
H
5
N
3
O
9
⟶
12
CO
2
+
6
N
2
+
O
2
+
10
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\ce {4 C3H5N3O9 -> 12 CO2 + 6N2 + O2 + 10 H2O}}}
C
3
H
8
+
5
O
2
⟶
3
CO
2
+
4
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\ce {C3H8 + 5 O2 -> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O}}}
C
6
H
12
O
6
+
6
O
2
⟶
6
CO
2
+
6
H
2
O
{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O}}}
2
C
8
H
18
(
g
)
+
25
O
2
(
g
)
⟶
16
CO
(
g
)
+
18
H
2
O
(
g
)
{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C8H18_{(g)}{}+ 25 O2_{(g)}-> 16 CO_{(g)}{}+ 18 H2O_{(g)}}}}
C, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cf, Cl, Cm, Cn, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {}+{}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\xrightarrow {\mathrm {\Delta H} {\vphantom {A}}^{o}{}={}{}-{}393.5\,\mathrm {kJ} } } {}\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e0b6db3b3c36e348a6421f59c5dc6b1b8aed599)
![{\displaystyle {2\,\mathrm {C} {}+{}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}2\,\mathrm {CO} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ccd0973316bb04dce6683df3b61b906acb30b36a)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CO} {}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b73c88bff71d875989005163007c840f203d015a)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {}+{}\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}2\,\mathrm {CO} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/888c7f150b47efb11def8b2ea1382de50b5fb8e8)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {}+{}2\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/80be92194d40fe216e44508eec18434953983613)
![{\displaystyle {2\,\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {N} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}2\,\mathrm {N} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9d3e759a82778b16a79dc8500ba950ee2b33f3fb)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}{}+{}\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/95826077a798caabf5dd117c21f90894d0de1cce)
![{\displaystyle {2\,\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {}+{}\mathrm {NO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}{\vphantom {A}}^{-}{}+{}2\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}^{+}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}2\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {}+{}\mathrm {NH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}{\vphantom {A}}^{+}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1238cbb4e023994a43a5f2aa14e1793a45b4e384)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}\mathrm {Cl} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {Cl} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}\mathrm {HCl} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bbdbfe0a6496363a05a2b60e701ae315939f8aa2)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}2\,\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}\mathrel {\xrightarrow {\mathrm {\Delta H} {}={}{}-{}\ 891\ \ k\,\mathrm {J} \,{\cdot }\,\mathrm {mol} {\vphantom {A}}^{-1}} } {}\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}2\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {l} )}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4688a02afa59bd0a1bb607f297f34131b5be790)
![{\displaystyle {2\,\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}5\,\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}4\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}2\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5309bfa3dbba191c8317d52b91c1222b5c423c9d)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}{}+{}3\,\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}2\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}2\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d02c15d366b7fe198c8b281a36396f95a7d6d7d4)
![{\displaystyle {2\,\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}{}+{}7\,\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}4\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}6\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ea8513d185f2fc310c5f277a47669f8a49db1ff3)
![{\displaystyle {4\,\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{5}}\mathrm {N} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{9}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}12\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}6\,\mathrm {N} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}10\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/363b05ad7349091e4eb875497d252d10bcf8918c)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{8}}{}+{}5\,\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}3\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}4\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/99ff9ccfebda00dd732c3dfe945cbeae34c7beea)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{12}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}{}+{}6\,\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}6\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}6\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0ab8319934fbda5d103b6aece6bccebdb59a01ae)
![{\displaystyle {2\,\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{8}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{18}}{\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}25\,\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}16\,\mathrm {CO} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}{}+{}18\,\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{{\mskip {1mu}}(\mathrm {g} )}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9b81c9412765ec6e17a4a8ba532ab6775bdc7bf1)
